Industrial Effluents
Wastes from factories contain heavy metals and other pollutants, which contaminate the water. The sea off Teluk Bahang has been reported to be polluted with heavy metals.
Source: CEMACS USM
Sewage and Domestic Waste
The contribution of untreated or partially treated sewage has been reported to deteriorate water quality, particularly in areas near Sungai Pinang.
Source: FOE Malaysia
Agricultural Activities
Areas in Seberang Perai, especially Nibong Tebal, face pollution from agricultural activities in which pesticides, fertilizers, and animal waste can contaminate water sources.
Source: Penang State Government
Land Development
Rapid development in Penang has led to sedimentation, especially the hillside development which can cause soil erosion polluting the rivers.
Source: Penang Forum
Waste from Aquaculture
The waste from fish farms around the island contributes to nutrient loading in the sea, particularly observed near Teluk Bahang with recent fish farm pollution incident.
Source: The Star Online
Plastic Pollution
Single-use plastics are a significant concern in Penang, with plastic trash being found on beaches and in waterways, with notable pollution at Gurney Drive and Teluk Bahang beaches.
Source: WWF Malaysia
Key Takeaway
Water pollution in Penang stems from various sources including industrial effluents, sewage, agricultural runoff, land development, aquaculture waste, and plastic pollution. Addressing these diverse causes requires a comprehensive approach involving government regulations, community awareness, and sustainable practices.